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Research ArticleDOI Number : 10.36811/jvsr.2019.1100006Article Views : 6Article Downloads : 21
Sero-prevalence of serological of Lawsonia intracellularis in domestic pigs in South Korea
Jung-Ah Kim1, Eun-Ok Kim1, Van Giap Nguyen2, Yong-Ho Park3, Hee-Chun Chung1*
and Bong- Kyun Park1*
1Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
3Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
*Corresponding Author: Hee Chun Chung and Bong Kyun Park, D.V.M., MSc, PhD, Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University DaeHakRo 1, GwanAk-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Tel.: +82-2-880-1255; Fax: +82-2-885-0263; Email: heeskyi@snu.ac.kr; parkx026@snu.ac.kr
Article Information
Aritcle Type: Research Article
Citation: Jung-Ah Kim, Eun-Ok Kim, Van Giap Nguyen, et al. 2019. Sero-prevalence of serological of Lawsonia intracellularis in domestic pigs in South Korea. J Veterina Sci Res. 1: 47-49.
Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright © 2019; Jung-Ah Kim
Publication history:
Received date: 14 November, 2019Accepted date: 22 November, 2019
Published date: 25 November, 2019
Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) of pigs mainly been caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. To investigate the prevalence of L. intracellularis in South Korea, serum samples of 2,356 pigs from nine province domestic farms were tested using IgGs against ELISA kit. During 2017 to 2019, among of every age groups, the older age groups (>120days and sow) had significant higher positive rates than younger groups. The objective of the current study was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to L. intracellularis in different age groups in pigs in South Korea as a more sensitive measure of detection in this country.
Keywords: Lawsonia intracellularis; Elisa; Age groups; Domestic farm; South Korea
Introduction
Lawsonia intracellularis is a causative agent of proliferative enteropathy (PPE) which is a major disease of swine worldwide. In Korea, it also costs a lot in swine industry, exists on most farms if not all farms. It is a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium and causes acute, subacute and chronic intestinal disorders. The subacute and chronic forms of PPE area ssociated with reduced growth rate and diarrhea, most frequently seen in 6-20-week-old pigs [1]. The acute forms in characterized by severe diarrhea and death in 12 to 30 weeks old or older pigs Serum IgG usually is detected 2 weeks [2] and fecal shedding 1 week after challenge [2]. However, as challenge trials are commonly terminated at 3-4 weeks post inoculation, little information about the duration of fecal shedding and humoral immune response is available. The longest reported duration of fecal shedding detected by PCR was 10 weeks after experimental inoculation [2]. The humoral response of pigs against L. intracellularis infection is believed to be weak and short-lived [2]. The longest reported duration of serum antibodies against L. intracellularis in pigs was less than 2 months. In Korea, after the publications in 2014 [3], a few studies were focused on the antibody detection of L. intracellularis. This study aimed to investigate the presence of L. intracellularis by Elisa method and our findings demonstrate that the latest detection information would be greatly useful for future serological domestic farm monitoring.
Materials and Methods
Serological analysis of L. intracellularis was performed using 2,356 sera randomly collected between Jan, 2017 and Aug, 2019 from nine province Korean domestic farms. In detail, it have been examined 537 in 2017, 1,014 in 2018 and 805 in 2019 (Table). And the all samples were collected from sow, <30, 30-60, 60-90, 90-120, 120<, male pigs ages in nine domestic farms. To detect IgGs against L. intracellularis, commercial ELISA kits (bioScreen Ileitis Antibody ELISA) were used (cut-off value 30 S/P ratio).
Results
The positive rate of L. intracellularis in 2,356 pigs were 38.55% in 2017, 20.91% in 2018 and 24.97% in 2019, respectively. In detail, the sow group showed the highest positive rates 81.3% in 2017, 90% in 2018, and 64.8% in 2019 (Table). This means that we can assume the most of sows being infected with L. intracellularis, shed the bacteria through feces. On the other hand, the suckling and piglets showed a somewhat lower positive rate than old ages pigs. Also, the male pigs showed high positive rate (2017 and 2018). The?30 age group shows quite low seropositive rate, but this age group is not considerably suffered from L.intracellularis than other age groups (Figure). This remains a point of question about the pathologic correlation between high prevalence and pathogenicity of sows and low prevalence and pathogenicity of their offspring. This part should be studied more.
|
Table: Relationship of pig age with antibody positive rate of the Lawsonia intracellularis, 2017 to 2019. |
|||
|
2017 Year |
Ab(Serum) |
||
|
Age(days) |
Number of sampIes |
PoPositive |
% % % |
|
Sow |
16 |
13 |
81.3 |
|
<30 |
80 |
21 |
26.3 |
|
30-60 |
88 |
15 |
17.0 |
|
60-90 |
101 |
24 |
23.8 |
|
90-120 |
43 |
13 |
30.2 |
|
120< |
206 |
118 |
57.3 |
|
Male |
3 |
3 |
100.0 |
|
unknown |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
Total |
537 |
207 |
38.5 |
|
2018 Year |
Ab(Serum) |
||
|
Age(days) |
Number of sampIes |
PoPositivep |
% % % |
|
Sow |
30 |
27 |
90.0 |
|
<30 |
147 |
1 |
0.7 |
|
30-60 |
152 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
60-90 |
195 |
5 |
2.6 |
|
90-120 |
255 |
49 |
19.2 |
|
120< |
223 |
125 |
56.1 |
|
Male |
5 |
5 |
100.0 |
|
unknown |
7 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
Total |
1,014 |
212 |
20.9 |
|
2019 Year |
Ab(Serum) |
||
|
Age(days) |
Number of sampIes |
Positive |
% % % |
|
Sow |
54 |
35 |
64.8 |
|
<30 |
43 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
30-60 |
113 |
3 |
2.7 |
|
60-90 |
149 |
16 |
10.7 |
|
90-120 |
143 |
21 |
14.7 |
|
120< |
261 |
113 |
43.3 |
|
Male |
2 |
1 |
50.0 |
|
unknown |
40 |
12 |
30.0 |
|
Total |
805 |
201 |
25.0 |
Figure: Seropositive rate of Lawsonia intracellularis in different age groups.
Conclusion and Discussion
We reconfirmed the high prevalence of L.intracellularis in Korean swine farms same as it was known in many previous studies. As we focusing on the swine groups which have diarrhea, we could find out the fact that L. intracellularis is particularly important for diarrhea of sow groups. The present study, prevalence of L. intracellularis in pigs in South Korea showed highly positive rate and it is likely that the previous South Korea study [3] underestimated the overall prevalence economic impact of L. intracellularis.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported by a grant (No. PJ011184) from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
References
1. ROWLAND. 1992. Porcine proliferative enteropathies. Diseases of swine. 7.ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 560-569.
2. Lawson GHK, Gebhart CJ. 2000. Proliferative enteropathy: review. J. Comp Pathol. 122: 77-100. Ref.: https://bit.ly/2QGrcFZ
3. Yeh JY. 2014. Seroprevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy among wild boars in the Republic of Korea. BMC Vet Res., 10: 5. Ref.: https://bit.ly/2KAWbj1
